Kwiga udushya dushakisha ifu ya molekile ya elegitoronike yo Kongera Imyuka Yongerewe

Mu bushakashatsi butangaje, abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku mikorere y'ifu ya molekile itandukanye yo mu rwego rwo guhagarika umwotsi. Iperereza ryibanze ku byuma bitandukanye bya molekile, harimo 3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, na MCM-41-Si, bigamije kumenya ubushobozi bwabo mu kugabanya ibyuka byangiza mu gihe cy’inganda.

Kurwanya umwotsi ni impungenge zikomeye mu nganda nyinshi, cyane cyane zijyanye n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nko gukora ibyuma, gusudira, n’inganda zikora imiti. Kurekura imyotsi birashobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ku bakozi kandi bikagira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije. Nkibyo, gukenera uburyo bwiza bwo guhagarika ntabwo byigeze bihinduka.

Amashanyarazi ya molekuline ni ibikoresho bya kristu ifite ubunini bwa pore imwe ishobora guhitamo adsorb molekules ukurikije ubunini n'imiterere. Uyu mutungo udasanzwe ubagira abakandida beza kubisabwa bitandukanye, harimo gutandukanya gaze, catalizike, kandi, nkuko ubu bushakashatsi bubyerekana, guhagarika umwotsi. Abashakashatsi bashatse gusuzuma imikorere yifu ya molekile itandukanye yo gufata no gutesha agaciro imyotsi yangiza.

Ubushakashatsi bwatangiranye no gusuzuma mu buryo bunonosoye imiterere ya molekile yatoranijwe. Amashanyarazi ya 3A na 5A, azwiho ubushobozi bwo kwamamaza molekile ntoya, yapimwe hamwe n’ibiti binini binini, nka 10X na 13X, bishobora kwakira molekile nini ya gaze. Icyuma cya NaY, ubwoko bwa zeolite, nacyo cyashyizwemo kubera ubuso bwacyo hejuru n'ubushobozi bwa ion-guhana. Byongeye kandi, impinduka za MCM-41, MCM-41-Al na MCM-41-Si, zatoranijwe kubera imiterere yihariye ya mesoporous, itanga uburyo butandukanye bwa adsorption ugereranije na zeolite gakondo.

Icyiciro cyibigeragezo cyarimo gukuramo ifu ya molekile ya porojeri muburyo butandukanye butanga ibyuka, bigereranya imiterere isanzwe iboneka mubikorwa byinganda. Abashakashatsi bapimye imikorere ya buri cyuma mu gufata umwotsi, gusesengura ibintu nkubushobozi bwa adsorption, igipimo cyo gufata umwotsi, hamwe nuburyo rusange bwo kugabanya umwuka mubi w’ibintu byangiza.

Ibisubizo byibanze byerekanaga ko imikorere ya molekile ya elegitoronike itandukanye cyane ukurikije imiterere n'imiterere. Amashanyarazi ya 3A na 5A yerekanaga ubushobozi butangaje mugutangaza uduce duto twa fume, bigatuma bikoreshwa mubisabwa aho ibintu byiza biteye impungenge. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyuma binini binini cyane cyane 10X na 13X, byabaye indashyikirwa mu gufata molekile nini ya gaze, byerekana ko ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butanga imyotsi iremereye.

Icyuma cya NaY cyerekanaga ibintu bidasanzwe bya ion-guhanahana ibintu, ntabwo byongereye imbaraga zo gufata umwotsi gusa ahubwo byanatumye habaho kutabangikanya ibintu bimwe na bimwe by’ubumara. Iyi myanya iranga NaY nkumukandida utanga ikizere mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga, aho guhagarika imyuka no kutabuza imiti ari ngombwa.

MCM-41-Al na MCM-41-Si, hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwa mesoporous, batanze ubundi buryo bwo guhagarika imyotsi. Ubuso bwazo burebure hamwe nubunini bwa pore bushobora kwemererwa guhitamo adsorption yibigize umwotsi wihariye, bigatuma bahitamo uburyo butandukanye bwo gufata ingamba zo gucunga imyotsi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ubushobozi bwibi bikoresho mugutezimbere uburyo bwo kuyungurura ibintu bishobora guhuza ninganda zitandukanye.

Ubushakashatsi bugenda butera imbere, itsinda ryanasuzumye ubushobozi bwo kuvugurura amashanyarazi ya molekile. Ubushobozi bwo kugarura ubushobozi bwa adsorptive ya sikeri nyuma yo gukoreshwa ningirakamaro mubikorwa byabo bifatika mubikorwa byinganda. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibyuma byinshi byapimwe bishobora kuvugururwa neza binyuze mu kuvura ubushyuhe, bigatuma bikoreshwa kenshi nta gutakaza imikorere ikomeye.

Ingaruka zubu bushakashatsi ntizirenze guhagarika imyuka gusa. Mu kumenya no kunoza imikoreshereze yifu ya molekile ya elegitoronike, inganda zirashobora kugabanya cyane ibidukikije ndetse no kongera umutekano wakazi. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ko kwinjiza ibyo bikoresho muri sisitemu yo gucunga imyuka isanzwe bishobora kuganisha ku bikorwa byiza kandi birambye.

Mu gusoza, ubu bushakashatsi bushya butanga urumuri kubishobora kuba ifu ya molekile ya elegitoronike nkibikoresho bifatika byo guhagarika umwotsi. Hamwe nimiterere yihariye nubushobozi bwabo, amashanyarazi nka 3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, na MCM-41-Si bitanga ibisubizo bitanga ibisubizo kubibazo byatewe n’ibyuka byangiza mu nganda. Mu gihe inganda zikomeje gushakisha imikorere irambye kandi itekanye, ubushishozi bwakuwe muri ubu bushakashatsi bushobora guha inzira iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gucunga imyuka ishyira imbere ubuzima ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije. Ubundi bushakashatsi nubufatanye hagati yamasomo ninganda bizaba ngombwa kugirango ibyo bisubizo biboneke mubikorwa bifatika, amaherezo bizagira uruhare mubikorwa byinganda bisukuye kandi bifite umutekano.