Mu bushakashatsi bw’ingenzi bwakozwe, abashakashatsi bashoboye gukora no gukoresha uturemangingo tw’uruhererekane rwa karuboni ruvanze rufite utunyangingo duto duto (nano- na micro-pore) dugenzurwa neza, hamwe no gushyiramo atome imwe ya zinc. Ubu buryo bushya busezeranya guhindura ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya imyuka, butanga iterambere rikomeye mu mikorere myiza no guhitamo neza.
Iterambere ry'izi mvange zivanze rituruka ku kwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ibikoresho bigezweho bishobora gukemura ibibazo biterwa no gutandukanya imyuka mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije, no gukora imiti. Uburyo gakondo bwo gutandukanya imyuka akenshi bushingiye ku bikorwa bisaba ingufu nyinshi, bigatuma habaho ikiguzi kinini cy'imikorere n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije. Gushyiraho mvange zivanze zizunguruka zitanga ubundi buryo burambye bushobora kugabanya ibi bibazo.
Gutunganya uturemangingo bisaba uburyo bwitondewe butuma habaho gutunganya neza ingano y’uturemangingo tw’imyenge ku rwego rwa nano na micro. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi cyane, kuko butuma uturemangingo dushobora kuyungurura imyuka hakurikijwe ingano n’imiterere yabyo. Gushyira atome imwe ya zinc mu miterere y’uturemangingo birushaho kongera imikorere yatwo binyuze mu gukora ahantu hakora ibindi bintu byoroshya kwinjiza no gutandukanya imyuka.
Mu igeragezwa rya laboratwari, utwuma tw’uruvange tw’imyuka twagaragaje ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gutandukanya imyuka, cyane cyane ku bivange bigoye nka dioxyde de carbone na methane. Utwuma tw’imyuka twagaragaje ubushobozi butangaje bwo kwinjira no guhitamo, biruta ibikoresho bisanzwe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata no kubika karubone (CCS), aho gutandukanya neza CO2 n’indi myuka ari ingenzi mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Byongeye kandi, uturemangingo tw’uruvange dufite icyizere mu bikorwa bitandukanye bitari CCS. Turashobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyuka karemano, mu gukora imyuka ya hydrogen, ndetse no mu nganda zikora imiti mu gutandukanya ibintu bihumanya ikirere. Uburyo izi turemangingo zikora neza butanga inzira nshya zo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere, bishobora gutuma habaho iterambere mu nzego nyinshi.
Abashakashatsi bafite icyizere cy’uko inzira yo gukora imvange ishobora kwaguka, ibi bikaba ari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu gutuma ubucuruzi bukomeza. Ubu barimo gushakisha uburyo bwo gukora izi mvange ku rugero rwagutse mu gihe bakomeza kugira ireme n’imikorere bigaragara muri laboratwari. Ubufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda nabwo burimo gukorwa kugira ngo borohereze ihinduka kuva mu bushakashatsi kugera ku bikorwa bifatika.
Uretse imikorere yabyo itangaje, uturemangingo twa hybride karubone na two ntitwita ku bidukikije. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu byinshi kandi ntibigira uburozi, bijyana no gukomeza kwibanda ku buziranenge mu bumenyi bw'ibintu. Iki gice gikurura cyane inganda zishaka kugabanya karubone no kubahiriza amabwiriza akaze yo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Mu gihe isi ihanganye n'ibibazo by'imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'imicungire y'umutungo kamere, udushya nk'uturemangingo tw'ingufu za karubone zivanze ni intambwe ikomeye iterwa. Mu kunoza inzira zo gutandukanya imyuka, utu turemangingo dushobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugera ku bisubizo by'ingufu zisukuye no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nganda.
Mu gusoza, gukora no gukoresha uturemangingo tw’uruhererekane rwa karuboni hamwe n’imyenge mito igenzurwa neza, hamwe n’atome imwe ya zinc, bigaragaza iterambere rikomeye mu bumenyi bw’ibintu. Kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwo gutandukanya gaze n’ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, utwo turemangingo twiteguye kugira ingaruka zirambye ku nganda zo ku isi yose, bikanatanga inzira yo gukora neza kandi ku buryo burambye. Abashakashatsi bakomeje gushakisha ubushobozi bwose bw’iri koranabuhanga, bagamije kurivana muri laboratwari bakarishyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bufatika mu gihe cya vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 19-2024
