30 Mata 2026 – Isoko rya alumina ikora ku isi ryagaragaje iterambere rikomeye mu 2025, aho agaciro karyo kose kageze kuri miliyari 1.19 z'amadolari y'Amerika, nk'uko raporo iheruka yashyizwe ahagaragara na Datam Intelligence 4 Market Research LLP ibigaragaza. Ibipimo bigaragaza ko isoko rizakomeza kwaguka mu buryo buhoraho, rikura ku gipimo cy'izamuka ry'ingufu ngarukamwaka (CAGR) cya 5.9% kuva mu 2025 kugeza mu 2033, rikagera kuri miliyari 1.87 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu mpera z'igihe cy'iteganyagihe. Iri zamuka ritangaje riterwa ahanini n'amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije ku isi yose, kwaguka vuba kw'inganda nshya z'ingufu, no kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa rya alumina ikora ku nganda zitandukanye, kuva ku gutunganya amazi kugeza ku gushyigikira catalyst no gutunganya gaze.
Alumina ikora, ubwoko bwa aluminiyumu oxyde (Al₂O₃) ifite imyenge myinshi ikorwa na hydroxide ya aluminiyumu ikora hifashishijwe hydroxylating, irazwiho ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyungurura amazi, ubuso bwayo bunini (ubusanzwe buri hagati ya m² 200 na 400/g), hamwe no kudahungabana k'ubushyuhe. Iyi miterere idasanzwe ituma iba ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu nzego zitandukanye, aho gutunganya amazi, peteroli, n'ingufu nshya byagaragaye nk'ibintu by'ingenzi bitera isoko ku isoko mu myaka ya vuba aha.
Mu rwego rwo gutunganya amazi, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amahame akaze agenga ibidukikije ryabaye imbarutso ikomeye y’iterambere ry’isoko. Guverinoma hirya no hino ku isi zirimo gukaza amategeko kugira ngo zibone amazi meza yo kunywa, aho Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima (OMS) uteganya ko abantu bagera kuri miliyari 2 ku isi bagifite ikibazo cyo kubona amazi meza yo kunywa. Alumina ikoreshwa cyane mu gusukura amazi kugira ngo ikureho fluoride, arsenic, n’indi myanda yangiza, bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugabanya urugero rwa fluoride kuva kuri 10 ppm kugera munsi ya 1 ppm mu gihe cy’ibiza. Mu Bushinwa, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Itegeko Rivugurura ry’Isuku y’Amazi yo Kunywa (GB 5749–2022) ryazamuye cyane icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa bya alumina bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi bifite ubuso bwihariye (≥380 m²/g), ingano nini y’imyenge (≥0.45 cm³/g), n’isuku nke (Fe₂O₃ ≤0.02%), aho igipimo cy’imashini zigezweho mu nganda z’amazi zo mu mujyi cyageze kuri 71.3% mu 2024.
Inganda nshya z’ingufu, cyane cyane urwego rwa bateri ya lithiamu-ion, zagaragaye nk'isoko ry’ingufu zikoresha alumina zikora neza. Uko iterambere ry’isi yose rigenda rirushaho kwiyongera mu gutanga ibisubizo by’ingufu zirambye, icyifuzo cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs) n’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu cyariyongereye, bituma hakenerwa alumina ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi mu gukora bateri. Alumina ikoreshwa nk'umuyoboro w’amazi muri bateri ya lithiamu-ion, ikarinda kwangirika guterwa n’ubushuhe n’imyanda kandi ikarinda imikorere myiza ya bateri no kuramba. Mu 2024, icyifuzo cya alumina ikoreshwa mu gusiga bateri ya lithiamu mu Bushinwa cyarenze toni 21.000, aho CAGR ya 37.6% kuva 2020 kugeza 2024, kandi inyungu mbumbe y’iki gice yagumye hagati ya 35% na 42%, hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe.
Inganda zikora peteroli n’izitunganya zikomeje kuba abaguzi bakomeye ba alumina ikora, aho ikoreshwa cyane nk'inkunga y'ingufu n'umuti wo koza. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikoresho bya 炼化 no kuvugurura imikorere ya 煤化工, icyifuzo cya alumina ikora ifite imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike (≥150 N/cm) hamwe n'ubunini bw'imyenge ikora neza (8–15 nm) cyakomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2024, ikoreshwa rya alumina ikora mu bikoresho bya catalyst ryageze kuri toni 128.000, aho igipimo cy'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyiyongera kigera kuri 58%.
Imiterere y'isoko mu karere igaragaza impinduka zikomeye, aho Aziya na Pasifika ari byo bizamuka nk'isoko rikomeye bitewe n'inganda zihuta, amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije, ndetse no kuba hari ahantu hanini ho gukora. By'umwihariko, Ubushinwa bwabaye umukinnyi ukomeye ku isoko ry'isi rya alumina ikora, aho ubushobozi bwaryo bwose bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 1.68 mu 2024, aho ibirenga 60% by'ubushobozi bushya byari ibicuruzwa byihariye byo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ibigo bikomeye by'Abashinwa, birimo Aluminium Corporation yo mu Bushinwa (Chinalco), Sinocera Material Co., Ltd., na Shandong Dongyue Group, biri kwihutisha impinduka mu by'ingenzi, bikoresha ingufu z'amazi mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa n'icyitegererezo cy'ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga kugira ngo hubakwe ishingiro ry'umusaruro ukomoka ku bidukikije n'ukomoka ku bidukikije. Urugero, umushinga wa Chinalco wa alumina ikora ibidukikije i Yunnan wa toni 100.000 ku mwaka, washyizwe mu bikorwa mu 2024, ufite ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku gicuruzwa ku giciro gito ku kigero cya 18% munsi y'impuzandengo y'inganda.
Amerika y'Amajyaruguru nayo yiteguye iterambere ryihuse ry'isoko, bitewe n'amategeko akaze agenga ibidukikije ku bijyanye no gusukura amazi n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ndetse n'ishoramari rikomeye mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga. Iterambere riheruka mu nganda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ririmo kugura uruganda rukora imiti ihumanya ikirere rwo muri Amerika n'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'imiti yihariye muri Mutarama 2026, rugamije kwagura ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa bya alumina bikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga no gukomeza umwanya warwo mu masoko y'ibidukikije n'ingufu. Muri Kamena 2025, Hindalco Industries yarangije kugura Aluchem Companies Inc. yo muri Amerika kugira ngo yongere alumina yayo yihariye n'icyerekezo cya alumina ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga no kubona ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya.
Nubwo hari intambwe nziza mu iterambere, isoko rya alumina rikora neza rihura n'imbogamizi nyinshi, harimo ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo ndetse n'ikibazo cy'ibindi bikoresho nk'uduce duto tw'ingufu. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya alumina bikora neza ni hydroxide y'inganda, igiciro cyayo kigirwaho ingaruka n'uko isoko rya alumina rihagaze. Hagati ya 2021 na 2023, ibibazo by'ingufu ku isi ndetse n'inzitizi zo gukora alumina mu ngo byatumye ibiciro bya alumina bizamuka, bigera kuri yuan 3.800 kuri toni (amakuru ya SMM), ibyo bikaba byongereye ikiguzi cy'umusaruro ku nganda. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe byahindukiriye gukura hydroxide y'aluminium mu myanda ikomeye y'inganda nk'icyondo gitukura, bitagabanya gusa kwishingikiriza ku bikoresho fatizo ahubwo binajyana n'icyerekezo cy'ubukungu buzunguruka. Kuri ubu, imishinga y'icyitegererezo muri Guizhou na Guangxi yageze ku bushobozi bwo gutunganya icyondo gitukura buri mwaka bwa toni zisaga 500.000, bisohora toni zigera ku 30.000 z'ubushobozi bwa alumina bukora neza.
Mu gihe urebye imbere, isoko rya alumina ikora ku isi yose ryitezweho gukomeza kwiyongera, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe bivuye mu bikorwa bishya nko gutunganya hydrogen no gufata no kubika karubone (CCS). Mu gihe isi igenda ihinduka ijya ku masoko y’ingufu zisukuye, alumina ikora ku isi iri kuba ingirakamaro cyane mu nganda zikora hydrogen, aho ikoreshwa mu gukuraho imyunyungugu n’ibinyabutabire bya hydrogen biva muri hydrogen ikorwa binyuze mu kuvugurura gazi metani (SMR), igenzura ko hakenewe ubuziranenge ku turemangingo tw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli dukora neza. Mu rwego rwa CCS, alumina ikora ku isi irimo gucukumburwa ubushobozi bwayo mu gufata no kubika dioxyde de carbone, ikongera kwagura urwego rw’ikoreshwa ryayo.
Impuguke mu nganda ziteganya ko isoko rya alumina rikoresha ingufu zizakomeza gutera imbere, aho ibigo byibanda ku guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, guhindura ibicuruzwa, no gukora ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije kugira ngo bigire amahirwe yo guhangana. Biteganijwe ko impinduka kuva ku ipiganwa rishingiye ku gipimo cy’ubuhanga rijya ku gaciro zizakomeza kwihuta, aho ibicuruzwa byihariye byo ku rwego rwo hejuru bigira arenga 45% by’umusaruro wose mu 2027. “Amasosiyete afite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije, imiterere y’ubufatanye mu karere, n’igenzura ry’ikoranabuhanga rihamye bizagenga amahirwe y’imiterere ku isoko,” ibi byavuzwe n’umusesenguzi w’inganda wo muri Datam Intelligence. “Inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije ziri hafi kugera ku cyiciro gishya cy’iterambere ryiza, riyobowe no kurengera ibidukikije, ingufu nshya, n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Mata-2026
