IBIKORESHO BYO KWIYUMISHA AMABUYE Y'UMUTWE, IBIKORESHO BYO KUYUMISHA, N'IBIKORESHO BYO KUMISHA
Utuyunguruzo twa molekile ni aluminiyumu y'icyuma ya kristu ifite urusobe rw'ibice bitatu rwa silica na alumina tetrahedra. Amazi karemano y'amazi avanwa kuri uru rusobe binyuze mu gushyushya kugira ngo habeho umwobo umwe ufata molekile z'ingano runaka.
Ubusanzwe, urushundura rufite mesh 4 kugeza kuri 8 rukoreshwa mu gukoresha gazphase, mu gihe ubwoko bwa mesh 8 kugeza kuri 12 bukoreshwa mu gukoresha liquidphase. Ifu y'urushundura rufite mesh 3A, 4A, 5A na 13X ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.
Kuva kera izwiho ubushobozi bwo kumisha (ndetse no kugeza kuri 90 °C), utuyunguruzo twa molekile duherutse kugaragaza akamaro mu buryo bwa organic synthetic, akenshi twemerera gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byifuzwa n'ingaruka zo guhumeka zigengwa n'uburinganire bubi muri rusange. Izi zeolite za synthetic zagaragaye ko zikura amazi, alcohol (harimo methanol na ethanol), na HCl muri sisitemu nka ketimine na enamine synthesis, ester condensations, no guhindura aldehydes zidafite amazi muri polyenals.
| Ubwoko | 3A |
| Imiterere | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Ibisobanuro | Ishusho ya 3A ikorwa hifashishijwe gusimbuza cations za potasiyumu ions za sodium ziri mu miterere ya 4A, bigabanura ingano y'imyenge ikora neza ikagera kuri ~3Å, hatarimo umurambararo >3Å, urugero, ethane. |
| Porogaramu z'ingenzi | Kubura amazi mu migezi ya hydrocarbon idafite amazi menshi mu bucuruzi, harimo gaze yacitse, propylene, butadiene, acetylene; kumisha ibinyobwa bya polar nka methanol na ethanol. Kwinjira kwa molekile nka NH3 na H2O bivuye mu muyoboro wa N2/H2. Bifatwa nk'ikintu cyumisha gikoreshwa muri rusange mu miyoboro ya polar n'iy'ipolar. |
| Ubwoko | 4A |
| Imiterere | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2 : x H2O |
| Ibisobanuro | Iyi fomu ya sodium igaragaza ubwoko bwa A bw'ubwoko bwa molekile ziyungurura. Imbobo zifunguka neza ni 4Å, bityo ntihabamo molekile zifite umurambararo urenze 4Å, urugero, propane. |
| Porogaramu z'ingenzi | Bikunda gukoreshwa mu kuvura amazi adahinduka mu buryo bufunze mu mazi cyangwa mu mwuka, urugero, mu gupfunyika imiti, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'imiti ibora; gukusanya amazi mu buryo bwo gucapa no mu buryo bwa pulasitiki no kumisha imigezi yuzuye ya hydrocarbon. Ubwoko bw'ibintu byinjizwamo umwuka burimo SO2, CO2, H2S, C2H4, C2H6, na C3H6. Muri rusange bifatwa nk'ikintu cyumisha amazi mu buryo busanzwe mu bice by'isi n'ibitari iby'isi. |
| Ubwoko | 5A |
| Imiterere | 0.80 CaO : 0.20 Na2O : 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Ibisobanuro | Iyoni za kalisiyumu zivanze mu mwanya wa sodium cations zitanga umwobo wa ~5Å ukuraho molekile zifite umurambararo ufatika >5Å, urugero, impeta zose za karuboni 4, n'ibice bya iso. |
| Porogaramu z'ingenzi | Gutandukanya parafini zisanzwe n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'iya hydrocarboni zizunguruka; gukuraho H2S, CO2 na mercaptans muri gaze karemano. Molekuli zimuwe zirimo nC4H10, nC4H9OH, C3H8 muri C22H46, na dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Ubwoko | 13X |
| Imiterere | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2: xH2O |
| Ibisobanuro | Ishusho ya sodiyumu igaragaza imiterere y'ibanze y'umuryango wa X, ufite umwobo mwiza uri mu rugero rwa 910¼. Urugero, ntabwo ikomeza gukurura (C4F9) 3N. |
| Porogaramu z'ingenzi | Gukamisha imyuka mu bucuruzi, gutunganya ibiryo by’ibimera mu kirere (gukuraho H2O na CO2 icyarimwe) no kongerera ubushyuhe amazi ya hydrocarbon/gaze karemano (gukuraho H2S na mercaptan). |
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-16-2023
