Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutunganya isi yose, ibipimo byibikomoka kuri peteroli bigenda byiyongera, hamwe no kwiyongera gukenerwa kubikoresho fatizo byimiti, ikoreshwa rya catalizike itunganya ibintu ryagiye ryiyongera. Muri byo, iterambere ryihuse ni mu bukungu bushya no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere.
Bitewe nibikoresho bitandukanye, ibicuruzwa nibikoresho byububiko bwa buri ruganda, kugirango ukoreshe ibintu byinshi bigamije kubona ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique, guhitamo catalizator hamwe no guhuza neza cyangwa guhitamo bishobora gukemura ibibazo byingenzi byinganda zitandukanye kandi ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Mu myaka yashize, muri Aziya ya pasifika, Afurika no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, umubare w’ibikoreshwa n’ubwiyongere bw’imisemburo yose, harimo gutunganya, polymerisiyonike, sintezike y’imiti, nibindi birenze ibyo mu turere twateye imbere mu Burayi no muri Amerika.
Mu bihe biri imbere, kwagura hydrogène ya lisansi izaba nini cyane, ikurikirwa no hagati ya hydrogène yo hagati, FCC, isomerisation, hydrocracking, hydrogenation ya naphtha, amavuta aremereye (amavuta asigaye) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), ivugurura, nibindi, hamwe nibyo bijyanye cataliste isabwa nayo iziyongera bijyanye.
Nyamara, kubera uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha amavuta atandukanye yo gutunganya amavuta, ingano ya catalizike itunganya amavuta ntishobora kwiyongera hamwe no kwagura ubushobozi. Dukurikije imibare yagurishijwe ku isoko, igurishwa ryinshi ni catalizatori ya hydrogène (hydrotreating na hydrocracking, bingana na 46% bya bose), ikurikirwa na catisale ya FCC (40%), ikurikirwa no kuvugurura catalizike (8%), catisale ya alkylation (5%) n'abandi (1%).
Dore ibintu by'ingenzi biranga catalizator kuva mu bigo byinshi bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga:
1. Axens
Axens yashinzwe ku ya 30 Kamena 2001, ihujwe n’ishami ryo kohereza ikoranabuhanga rya Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP) na Catalizike ya Procatalyse hamwe n’inyongera.
Axens ni ikigo cyigenga gikoresha imyaka igera kuri 70 yubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere hamwe nibyagezweho mu nganda n’ikigo cy’Ubufaransa gishinzwe ubushakashatsi kuri peteroli kugira ngo gikore impushya, gutunganya ibimera na serivisi zijyanye nabyo, bitanga ibicuruzwa (catalizator na adsorbents) byo gutunganya, peteroli; n'umusaruro wa gaze.
Cataliseri ya Axens hamwe na adsorbents bigurishwa cyane cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Burayi.
Isosiyete ifite urutonde rwuzuye rwa catalizator, Muri zo harimo catalizator zirinda uburiri, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gutandukanya catalizator ya hydrotreating, catisale ya hydrotreating isigaye, catisale hydrocracking, catalizator yo kugarura sulfure (Claus), catalizator yo kuvura umurizo, catalizike ya hydrogenation (hydrogenation, Prime-G + inzira catalizator hamwe na hydrogenation yatoranijwe), kuvugurura hamwe na catisale ya isomerisation (kuvugurura catalizator, isomerisation) Catalizator), ibicanwa bya biyogi nibindi bintu bidasanzwe hamwe na catisale ya Fischer-Tropsch, catalizike ya olefin dimerisation, nayo itanga adsorbents, zose hamwe zirenga 150.
2. LyondellBasell
Lyondellbasell ifite icyicaro i Rotterdam, mu Buholandi.
Basel yashinzwe mu Kuboza 2007, ikora polyolefin nini ku isi. Basell yaguze LyondellChemicals kuri miliyari 12.7 z'amadolari yo gushinga inganda nshya za LyondellBasell. Isosiyete itunganijwe mubice bine byubucuruzi: Ubucuruzi bwa lisansi, ubucuruzi bwimiti, ubucuruzi bwa Polymer, ikoranabuhanga nubushakashatsi niterambere ryubucuruzi; Ifite inganda zirenga 60 mu bihugu 19, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo bigurishwa mu bihugu birenga 100 ku isi, bifite abakozi 15.000. Igihe yashingwa, yabaye sosiyete ya gatatu nini yigenga y’imiti yigenga ku isi.
Hibandwa cyane kuri olefin, polyolefin n’ibiyikomokaho, kugura Lyander Chemical byagura ikirenge cy’isosiyete ikora hasi muri peteroli, bikomeza umwanya w’ubuyobozi muri polyolefin, kandi bigashimangira umwanya wacyo muri okiside ya propylene (PO), ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na PO styrene monomer na methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), kimwe no mubicuruzwa bya acetyl. Ibikomoka kuri PO nka butanediol na propylene glycol ethers umwanya wambere;
Lyondellbasell Industries nimwe mu masosiyete akomeye ku isi ya polymer, peteroli na peteroli. Umuyobozi wisi yose mubuhanga bwa polyolefin, umusaruro nisoko; Nintangiriro ya okiside ya propylene nibiyikomokaho. Umusaruro ukomeye wamavuta ya lisansi nibicuruzwa byayo binonosoye, harimo ibicanwa;
Lyondellbasell iza ku mwanya wa mbere kwisi mubushobozi bwa polypropilene nogukora catalizike ya polypropilene. Ubushobozi bwo gukora oxyde ya propylene iza kumwanya wa kabiri kwisi. Ubushobozi bwo gukora polyethylene buza ku mwanya wa gatatu kwisi; Ku mwanya wa kane kwisi mubushobozi bwa propylene na Ethylene; Ubushobozi bwa mbere ku isi bwa styrene monomer na MTBE; Ubushobozi bwa TDI bufite 14% byisi, biza kumwanya wa gatatu kwisi; Ubushobozi bwa Ethylene bungana na toni miliyoni 6.51 / mwaka, umusaruro wa kabiri muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru; Mubyongeyeho, LyondellBasell numusaruro wa kabiri wa HDPE na LDPE muri Amerika ya ruguru.
Lyander Basell Industries ifite ibihingwa bine byose hamwe, bibiri mu Budage (Ludwig na Frankfurt), kimwe mu Butaliyani (Ferrara) n'ikindi muri Amerika (Edison, New Jersey). Isosiyete niyo itanga amasoko ya mbere ku isi mu gutanga catalizike ya PP, kandi catisale ya PP ifite 1/3 cy'umugabane ku isoko mpuzamahanga; PE catalizaires bangana na 10% byumugabane wisi yose.
3. Johnson Matthey
Johnson Matthey yashinzwe mu 1817, ifite icyicaro i Londere mu Bwongereza. Johnson Matthey numuyobozi wisi muburyo bwikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho bigezweho hamwe nibice bitatu byubucuruzi: Ikoranabuhanga ryibidukikije, Ibicuruzwa byigiciro cyinshi nibicuruzwa byiza & Catalysts.
Ibikorwa nyamukuru byitsinda birimo gukora catalizike yimodoka, gukora moteri ya mazutu iremereye cyane hamwe na sisitemu yo kurwanya umwanda, catisale ya lisansi nibikoresho byabo, catalizike yimiti nikoranabuhanga ryabo, gukora no kugurisha imiti myiza na farumasi ikora ibice, gutunganya amavuta, gutunganya ibyuma byagaciro, no gukora pigment hamwe nudusanduku twibirahure ninganda zubutaka.
Mu gutunganya no gutunganya inganda, Johnson Matthey akora cyane cyane catalizike ya methanol synthesis, catalizike ya ammonia synthique, catalizike yumusaruro wa hydrogène, catalizator hydrogène, cataliseri yambere yo guhindura ibintu, catalizator mbere yo guhinduranya, catalizike ihinduranya ubushyuhe, cataliste ihindura ubushyuhe buke, methanation catalizator, catalizike ya deVOC, catalizator deodorisation, nibindi. Biswe KATALCO, PURASPEC, HYTREAT, PURAVOC, Sponge MetalTM, HYDECAT, SMOPEX, ODORGARD, ACCENT nibindi bicuruzwa.
Ubwoko bwa catalizike ya Methanol ni: catalizator yo kweza, catalizator mbere yo guhinduka, catisale ihindura ibyuka, catalizike ya gazi ihinduranya ibyuka, ibyiciro bibiri byo guhinduranya hamwe na catalizike yo guhinduranya ubwinshi bwumuriro, catalizator ihindura sulferi, catalizike ya methanol.
Ubwoko bwa catalizike ya ammoniya ni: catalizator yo kweza, mbere yo guhinduranya, icyiciro cya mbere cyo guhindura, icyiciro cya kabiri cyo guhindura ibintu, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo guhindura ubushyuhe, catalizike yo guhindura ubushyuhe buke, catalizike ya metani, catalizike ya amoniya.
Ubwoko bwa hydrogène itanga umusaruro ni: cataliseri yo kweza, cataliseri mbere yo guhinduka, cataliste ihinduranya, catalizike yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, catalizator ihindura ubushyuhe buke, cataliste methanation.
Ikirangantego cya PURASPEC kirimo: catisale ya desulfurizasiya, catalizike yo gukuraho mercure, catalizike ya deCOS, catalizike ultra-yera, catalizator hydrodesulfurisation.
4. Haldor Topsoe, Danimarike
Helder Topso yashinzwe mu 1940 na Dr. Hardetopso none ikoresha abantu bagera ku 1.700. Icyicaro cyacyo, laboratoire y’ubushakashatsi n’ikigo cy’ubuhanga giherereye hafi ya Copenhagen, Danimarike;
Isosiyete yiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi, guteza imbere no kugurisha ibintu bitandukanye bya catalizator, kandi bikubiyemo guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga ryemewe, no kubaka no kubaka iminara ya catalitiki;
Topsoe itanga cyane cyane catalizike ya ammonia synthique, cataliseri yo kweza ibikoresho fatizo, cataliseri yimodoka, catalizike ya CO, cataliste yaka, dimethyl ether catalizator (DME), catisale ya denitrification (DeNOx), catalizator methanol, catalizator itunganya amavuta, catalizator ivugurura amavuta, sulfurique catisale ya aside, aside ya sulfurike itose (WSA).
Amavuta ya Topsoe atunganya cyane cyane arimo catalizatori ya hydrotreating, hydrocracking cataliste hamwe na catalizike yo kugabanya umuvuduko. Muri byo, catalizator ya hydrotreating irashobora kugabanywamo hydrotreating ya naphtha, gutunganya hydrotreating ya peteroli, sulfure nkeya na ultra-low sulfur mazutu hydrotreating hamwe na catalizator ya FCC ukurikije ikoreshwa rya catalizike itunganya amavuta ya sosiyete ifite ubwoko 44;
Topsoe ifite inganda ebyiri zitanga umusaruro muri Danimarike no muri Amerika hamwe n'imirongo 24 yose.
5. Itsinda rya INOES
Ineos Group yashinzwe mu 1998, isosiyete ya kane mu miti nini ku isi kandi ikora ku isi hose ikora ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti yihariye n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ifite icyicaro i Southampton, mu Bwongereza.
Itsinda rya Ineos ryatangiye gukura mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90 mu kubona umutungo udasanzwe w'andi masosiyete, bityo winjira mu bayobozi bashinzwe imiti ku isi.
Ibikorwa bya Ineos Group birimo ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti yihariye n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli, muri byo ABS, HFC, phenol, acetone, melamine, acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, polystirene n’ibindi bicuruzwa bifite umwanya wa mbere ku isoko ry’isi. PVC, ibicuruzwa biva mu birunga, VAM, ibice bya PVC, umurongo wa alpha olefin, okiside ya Ethylene, formaldehyde n'ibiyikomokaho, Ethylene, polyethylene, lisansi, mazutu, lisansi yindege, amavuta ya peteroli n’ibindi bicuruzwa biri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isoko ry’Uburayi.
Muri 2005 Ineos yaguze Innovene muri BP yinjira mubicuruzwa no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa. Ubucuruzi bwa catalizike bwisosiyete ni ubwa Ineos Technologies, itanga cyane cyane catisale ya polyolefin, catalizike ya acrylonitrile, catisale ya manic anhydride, catalizike ya vinyl nibisubizo byabo bya tekiniki.
Cataliseri ya polyolefin imaze imyaka irenga 30 ikorwa, itanga catalizator, serivisi za tekiniki ndetse ninkunga ya toni zirenga miliyoni 7.7 za Innovene ™ PE na toni miliyoni 3.3 z ibihingwa bya Innovene ™ PP.
6. Imiti ya Mitsui
Mitsui Chemical yashinzwe mu 1997, n’isosiyete ya kabiri mu masosiyete y’imiti ihuriweho n’Ubuyapani nyuma y’isosiyete ikora imiti ya Mitsubishi, kandi ikaba imwe mu zikora ku isi ku isi ikora fenol, inzoga ya isopropyl, polyethylene na polipropilene, ifite icyicaro i Tokiyo, mu Buyapani.
Imiti ya Mitsui ni uruganda rukora imiti, ibikoresho byihariye nibicuruzwa bifitanye isano. Kugeza ubu igabanyijemo ibice bitatu byubucuruzi: Ibikoresho bikora, Imiti igezweho, hamwe nubuhanga bwibanze. Ubucuruzi bwa cataliste ni igice cyicyicaro gikuru cyubucuruzi; Catalizator zirimo catisale ya olefin polymerisation, catalizike ya molekile, catalogeneer cataliste, catalizike ya alkyl anthraquinone nibindi.
7, JGC C&C Umunsi swing catalizator Isosiyete
Nichiwa Catalyst & Chemical Corporation, izwi kandi ku izina rya Nichiwa Catalyst & Chemical Corporation, yashinzwe ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2008, ihuza ubucuruzi n’umutungo w’ibigo bibiri by’ibigo byose by’Ubuyapani Nichiwa Corporation (JGC CORP, amagambo ahinnye y’Abashinwa kuri NIChiwa), Ubuyapani Catalyst Chemical Corporation (CCIC) na Nick Chemical Co, LTD. (NCC). Ifite icyicaro mu Mujyi wa Kawasaki, Perefegitura ya Kanagawa, mu Buyapani.
CCIC yashinzwe ku ya 21 Nyakanga 1958, ifite icyicaro mu Mujyi wa Kawasaki, Perefegitura ya Kanagawa, mu Buyapani. Ahanini yishora mubikorwa bya catalizator, hamwe na catalizike itunganya peteroli nkikigo, ibicuruzwa birimo catalizike ya FCC, catalizator hydrotreating, catisale ya denitrification (DeNox) hamwe nibicuruzwa byiza bya chimique (ibikoresho byo kwisiga, ibikoresho bya optique, ibikoresho bya kirisiti hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwerekana , ibikoresho bya semiconductor, nibindi). NCC yashinzwe ku ya 18 Kanama 1952, ifite icyicaro cyayo mu mujyi wa Niigata, Perefegitura ya Niigata, mu Buyapani. Iterambere nyamukuru, umusaruro no kugurisha catalizike yimiti, ibicuruzwa ahanini birimo catalizatori ya hydrogenation, catisale dehydrogenation, catalizike ikomeye ya alkali, adsorbents ya gazi, nibindi.
Ukurikije ibicuruzwa, isosiyete igabanyijemo ibice bitatu: catalizator, imiti myiza n’ibidukikije / ingufu nshya. Isosiyete ikora kandi ikagurisha catalizator zirimo catalizike yo gutunganya peteroli, catisale yo gutunganya peteroli na catalizike yo kurengera ibidukikije.
Uruganda rutunganya inganda ni catalizike ya FCC hamwe na catalizike ya hydrogenation, iyanyuma harimo hydrofining, hydrotreating na hydrocracking catalizator; Imiti ya chimique irimo catalizike ya catalizike, catisale ya hydrogenation, catalizike ya syngas, catalizator na zeolite; Catalizator yo kurengera ibidukikije harimo: ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ibidukikije, catisale ya flue gazi, catisale ya okiside hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya ibinyabiziga biva mu modoka, deodorizing / ibikoresho bya antibacterial, VOC adsorption / catalizator, nibindi.
Isosiyete ikora ibikorwa byo kwamagana isosiyete ifite imigabane 80% ku isoko ry’Uburayi n’umugabane wa 70% muri Amerika, kandi ikaba ifite ibice birenga 60% by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku isi.
8. SINOPEC Catalyst Co, LTD
Sinopec Catalyst Co, LTD., Ishami rifite isosiyete yose ya Sinopec Corporation, ni urwego nyamukuru rushinzwe gukora, kugurisha no gucunga ubucuruzi bwa catalizike ya Sinopec, bushinzwe ishoramari n’imikorere y’ubucuruzi bwa catalizike ya Sinopec, kandi bukayobora imiyoborere y’umwuga uruganda rutanga umusaruro.
Sinopec Catalyst Co., Ltd. ni umwe mu bakora ibicuruzwa binini ku isi, abatanga ibicuruzwa ndetse n’abatanga serivise zo gutunganya no gutunganya imiti. Ishingiye ku bushakashatsi bukomeye bw’ubushakashatsi mu gihugu bw’ubumenyi bwa peteroli n’ubushakashatsi bwa Fushun Petrochemical Institute, iyi sosiyete ikomeje kwagura isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi. Ibicuruzwa bya catalizator bikubiyemo amavuta yo gutunganya amavuta, catisale ya polyolefin, ibikoresho fatizo fatizo fatizo fatizo, cataliste yimiti yamakara, cataliste yo kurengera ibidukikije, izindi catalizaires nibindi byiciro 6. Mugihe cyujuje isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, ibicuruzwa nabyo byoherezwa muburayi, Amerika, Aziya, Afrika nandi masoko mpuzamahanga.
Umusaruro ukwirakwizwa cyane cyane mu ntara esheshatu n’imijyi, harimo Beijing, Shanghai, Hunan, Shandong, Liaoning na Jiangsu, kandi ibicuruzwa bikubiyemo imirima itatu itanga umusemburo: gutunganya peteroli, inganda z’imiti n’ibikoresho fatizo by’ibanze. Ifite ibice 8 byuzuye, ibice 2 bifata, ishami rishinzwe gucunga 1, ibigo 4 byo kugurisha no gutanga serivisi mu gihugu, hamwe n’ibiro 4 bihagarariye mu mahanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-17-2023
