Bitewe n’uko ubushobozi bwo gutunganya peteroli ku isi bukomeje kwiyongera, amahame agenga ibikomoka kuri peteroli agenda arushaho gukomera, ndetse n’ubwiyongere bukomeje bw’ibikenewe mu bikoresho fatizo bya chimique, ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire byo gutunganya peteroli ryakomeje kwiyongera. Muri byo, iterambere ryihuse riri mu bukungu bushya no mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.
Bitewe n'ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye, ibicuruzwa n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya buri ruganda, kugira ngo hakoreshwe imashini zikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu zigamije cyane kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro ukwiye cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique, guhitamo imashini zikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu zinoze cyangwa zihitamo neza bishobora gukemura ibibazo by'ingenzi by'inganda zitandukanye zitunganya ibintu n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, muri Aziya Pasifika, Afurika no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ingano y’ikoreshwa n’umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibintu byose bitera imbaraga, harimo no gutunganya, gupima, gukora ibinyabutabire, nibindi, biri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’uturere twateye imbere mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Mu gihe kizaza, kwaguka kwa hydrogenation ya lisansi bizaba ari byo binini cyane, bikurikiwe na hydrogenation yo hagati ya distillate, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, hydrogenation y'amavuta akomeye (amavuta asigaye), alkylation (superposition), reforming, nibindi, kandi icyifuzo cya catalyst kijyanye nabyo kiziyongera uko byagenda kose.
Ariko, bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya amavuta, ingano y'ibikoresho byo gutunganya amavuta ntabwo ishobora kwiyongera uko ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera. Dukurikije imibare y'ibicuruzwa ku isoko, ibicuruzwa byinshi bigurishwa ni ibikoresho byo gutunganya amavuta (hydrotreating na hydrocracking, bingana na 46% by'ibiteranyo byose), hagakurikiraho ibikoresho byo gutunganya amavuta bya FCC (40%), hagakurikiraho ibikoresho byo gutunganya amavuta (8%), ibikoresho byo gutunganya amavuta (5%) n'ibindi (1%).
Dore ibintu by'ingenzi biranga catalysts zituruka mu bigo byinshi bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga:
1. Axens
Axens yashinzwe ku ya 30 Kamena 2001, binyuze mu guhuzwa kw'ishami rishinzwe kohereza ikoranabuhanga rya Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP) na Procatalyse Catalysts and Additives.
Axens ni ikigo cyigenga gikoresha uburambe bw'imyaka hafi 70 mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere ndetse n'ibyo Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi kuri Peteroli cyo mu Bufaransa cyagezeho mu nganda kugira ngo gikore impushya zo gutunganya, gushushanya inganda n'ibindi bijyana nabyo, gitanga ibicuruzwa (ibikatalisiti n'ibitera imbaraga) byo gutunganya, ibikomoka kuri peteroli no gukora gaze.
Ibikoresho bya Axens bikurura cyane cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru no mu Burayi.
Iyi sosiyete ifite ubwoko bwose bw'ibinyabutabire, birimo ibinyabutabire birinda ibidukikije, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibinyabutabire bitanga umusaruro ukomoka ku bimera, ibinyabutabire bikomoka ku bimera ...
2. LyondellBasell
Icyicaro gikuru cya Lyondellbasell kiri i Rotterdam, mu Buholandi.
Basel yashinzwe mu Kuboza 2007, ni yo sosiyete nini ku isi ikora polyolefin. Basell yaguze LyondellChemicals kuri miliyari 12.7 z'amadolari kugira ngo ikore LyondellBasell Industries nshya. Iyi sosiyete igizwe n'amashami ane y'ubucuruzi: Ubucuruzi bwa lisansi, Ubucuruzi bwa chimique, Ubucuruzi bwa polymer, Ubucuruzi bw'ikoranabuhanga n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere; Ifite inganda zirenga 60 mu bihugu 19, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo bigurishwa mu bihugu birenga 100 ku isi, hamwe n'abakozi 15.000. Ubwo yashingwaga, yabaye sosiyete ya gatatu yigenga ku isi mu bucuruzi bwa chimique.
Hashingiwe ku bintu bikomoka kuri olefin, polyolefin n'ibindi bifitanye isano, kugura Lyander Chemicals byagura urwego rw'isosiyete mu binyabutabire bya peteroli, bishimangira umwanya wayo w'ubuyobozi muri polyolefin, kandi bishimangira umwanya wayo muri propylene oxide (PO), PO-linked products styrene monomer na methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ndetse no mu bikomoka kuri acetyl. Kandi ibintu bikomoka kuri PO nka butanediol na propylene glycol ethers ni byo biyobora;
Lyondellbasell Industries ni imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ku isi ya polymer, peteroli na lisansi. Ni ikigo cy’ingenzi ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rya polyolefin, umusaruro n’isoko; ni cyo cya mbere mu gukora propylene oxide n’ibiyikomokaho. Ni ikigo gikomeye mu gukora peteroli n’ibicuruzwa byayo bitunganyijwe, harimo na biofuel;
Lyondellbasell iza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu gukora polypropylene no gukora catalyst ya polypropylene. Ubushobozi bwo gukora propylene oxide buza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi. Ubushobozi bwo gukora polyethylene buza ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isi; Iza ku mwanya wa kane ku isi mu gukora propylene na ethylene; Ubushobozi bwa mbere ku isi mu gukora styrene monomer na MTBE; Ubushobozi bwa TDI bungana na 14% by'isi, buza ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isi; Ubushobozi bwo gukora ethylene bungana na toni miliyoni 6.51 ku mwaka, ikaba ari yo ikora kabiri mu bunini muri Amerika ya Ruguru; Byongeye kandi, LyondellBasell ni yo ikora HDPE na LDPE ku mwanya wa kabiri muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Lyander Basell Industries ifite inganda enye za catalysts, ebyiri mu Budage (Ludwig na Frankfurt), imwe mu Butaliyani (Ferrara) n'indi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (Edison, New Jersey). Iyi sosiyete ni yo iyoboye ku isi mu gutanga catalysts za PP, kandi catalysts zayo za PP zigize 1/3 cy'isoko mpuzamahanga; catalysts za PE zigize 10% by'isoko mpuzamahanga.
3. Johnson Matthey
Johnson Matthey yashinzwe mu 1817, icyicaro gikuru kibarizwa i Londres mu Bwongereza. Johnson Matthey ni ikigo cy’ingenzi ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’ibikoresho, gifite amashami atatu y’ubucuruzi: Ikoranabuhanga mu bidukikije, Ibicuruzwa by’Ibyuma by’Agaciro n’Ibinyabutabire byiza n’Ibikatalisiti.
Ibikorwa by'ingenzi by'Itsinda birimo gukora catalysts z'imodoka, gukora catalysts zikomeye za moteri za mazutu hamwe na sisitemu zazo zo kugenzura ihumana ry'imyanda, catalysts za lisansi n'ibikoresho byazo, catalysts za chemical processing hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryazo, gukora no kugurisha imiti myiza n'ibice bikora imiti, gutunganya amavuta, gutunganya ibyuma by'agaciro, no gukora irangi n'amabara yo gusiga ku nganda z'ibirahure na ceramic.
Mu nganda zitunganya no gutunganya imiti, Johnson Matthey akorera cyane cyane imashini zitunganya methanol, imashini zitunganya ammonia, imashini zitunganya hydrogene, imashini zitunganya hydrogene, imashini zitunganya ibikoresho fatizo, imashini zitunganya mbere yo guhindura, imashini zihindura umwuka, imashini zihindura ubushyuhe bwinshi, imashini zihindura ubushyuhe buke, imashini zihindura methanase, imashini zihindura deVOC, imashini zikuraho impumuro mbi, nibindi. Byitwaga KATALCO, PURASPEC, HYTREAT, PURAVOC, Sponge MetalTM, HYDECAT, SMOPEX, ODORGARD, ACCENT n'ibindi bicuruzwa.
Ubwoko bwa katalyst ya methanol ni: katalyst yo gusukura, katalyst ibanziriza ihinduka, katalyst ihindura umwuka, katalyst ihindura ubushyuhe bwa gaze, katalyst ihindura ihinduka ry’ibyiciro bibiri n’ikatalyst ihindura ihinduka ry’ubushyuhe ubwayo, katalyst ihindura ihinduka idakira sulfur, katalyst ihindura ihinduka ya methanol.
Ubwoko bwa katalysts za amoniya zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike ni: katalysts zo gutunganya, katalysts za mbere yo guhindura, katalysts zo guhindura mu cyiciro cya mbere, katalysts zo guhindura mu cyiciro cya kabiri, katalysts zo guhindura mu bushyuhe bwinshi, katalysts zo guhindura mu bushyuhe buke, katalysts za methanation, katalysts zo guhuza ammonia.
Ubwoko bw'ibinyabutabire bitunganya hydrogen ni: ibinyabutabire byo gutunganya, ibinyabutabire mbere yo guhindura, ibinyabutabire bihindura umwuka, ibinyabutabire bihindura ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibinyabutabire bihindura ubushyuhe buke, ibinyabutabire bya methanasiyo.
Katalogeri zo mu bwoko bwa PURASPEC zirimo: katalogeri yo gukuraho sulfuri, katalogeri yo gukuraho mercure, katalogeri ya deCOS, katalogeri yuzuye, katalogeri yo gukuraho hydrodesulfuri.
4. Haldor Topsoe, Danemark
Helder Topso yashinzwe mu 1940 na Dr. Hardetopso, ubu ikaba ikoresha abantu bagera ku 1.700. Icyicaro gikuru cyayo, laboratwari y’ubushakashatsi n’ikigo cy’ubuhanga biri hafi ya Copenhagen, muri Danemark;
Iyi sosiyete yiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, guteza imbere no kugurisha ibintu bitandukanye bya catalysts, kandi ikubiyemo kohereza ikoranabuhanga rifite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha patenti, ndetse no kubaka iminara ya catalytic;
Topsoe ikora cyane cyane imashini itunganya amoniya, imashini itunganya ibikoresho fatizo, imashini itunganya imodoka, imashini ihindura CO, imashini itwika, imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa dimethyl ether (DME), imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa dimethyl (DeNOx), imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa methane, imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa methanol, imashini itunganya amavuta, imashini ihindura umwuka, imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa aside sulfuriki, imashini igabanya ubushyuhe bwa aside sulfuriki (WSA).
Katalysts zo gutunganya amavuta za Topsoe zirimo cyane cyane katalysts zo gutunganya amazi, katalysts zo gukaraba amazi n'ikatalysts zo kugenzura umuvuduko w'amazi. Muri zo, katalysts zo gutunganya amazi zishobora kugabanywamo naphtha hydrotreating, hydrotreating yo gutunganya amavuta, hydrotreating ya mazutu iciriritse na ultra-low sulfur na ultra-low sulfur na katalysts zo gutunganya amavuta za FCC hakurikijwe ikoreshwa rya katalysts zo gutunganya amavuta z'ikigo zifite amoko 44;
Topsoe ifite inganda ebyiri zikora ibikoresho bya catalyst muri Danemark na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zifite imirongo 24 yose hamwe ikora.
5. Itsinda rya INOES
Itsinda rya Ineos ryashinzwe mu 1998, ni ryo sosiyete ya kane ikomeye ku isi ikora imiti ikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti yihariye n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, rifite icyicaro gikuru i Southampton, mu Bwongereza.
Itsinda rya Ineos ryatangiye gukura mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1990 rigura imitungo itari iy'ingenzi y'andi masosiyete, bityo ryinjira mu rwego rw'ibihugu bikomeye ku isi mu bucuruzi bw'ibinyabutabire.
Ubucuruzi bwa Ineos Group burimo ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti yihariye n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, muri byo harimo ABS, HFC, phenol, acetone, melamine, acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, polystyrene n'ibindi bicuruzwa biri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isoko mpuzamahanga. PVC, ibicuruzwa bya vulcanization, VAM, PVC composites, linear alpha olefin, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde n'ibindi bikomoka kuri yo, ethylene, polyethylene, lisansi, mazutu, lisansi ya jet, peteroli ya civil lisansi n'ibindi bicuruzwa biri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isoko ry'i Burayi.
Mu 2005, Ineos yaguze Innovene muri BP maze yinjira mu ikorwa no kwamamaza imisemburo. Ubucuruzi bw'iyi sosiyete bugizwe na Ineos Technologies, itanga ahanini imisemburo ya polyolefin, imisemburo ya acrylonitrile, imisemburo ya maleic anhydride, imisemburo ya vinyl hamwe n'ibisubizo byayo bya tekiniki.
Kataloge ya Polyolefin imaze imyaka irenga 30 ikorwa, itanga kataloge, serivisi za tekiniki n'inkunga ku nganda zisaga miliyoni 7.7 za Innovene™ PE na toni miliyoni 3.3 z'inganda za Innovene™ PP.
6. Ibinyabutabire bya Mitsui
Yashinzwe mu 1997, Mitsui Chemical ni yo sosiyete ya kabiri ikomeye mu Buyapani nyuma ya Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, ikaba n'imwe mu zikora ibintu bya phenol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene na polypropylene, ifite icyicaro gikuru i Tokyo, mu Buyapani.
Mitsui Chemical ni uruganda rukora imiti, ibikoresho byihariye n'ibindi bifitanye isano. Ubu igabanyijemo ibice bitatu by'ubucuruzi: Ibikoresho bikora, imiti igezweho, n'imiti y'ibanze. Ubucuruzi bwayo bwa catalyst ni kimwe mu bigize icyicaro gikuru cy'ubucuruzi bwa catalyst bugezweho; catalyst zirimo catalyst ya olefin polymerization, catalyst ya molekile, catalyst itandukanye, catalyst ya alkyl anthraquinone n'ibindi.
7, JGC C&C Day swing catalyst Formation Company
Nichiwa Catalyst & Chemicals Corporation, izwi kandi nka Nichiwa Catalyst & Chemicals Corporation, yashinzwe ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2008, binyuze mu guhuza ubucuruzi n'umutungo by'ibigo bibiri by'ubucuruzi by'Ubuyapani Nichiwa Corporation (JGC CORP, mu magambo ahinnye y'Igishinwa ya NIChiwa), Japan Catalyst Chemical Corporation (CCIC) na Nick Chemical Co., LTD. (NCC). Ifite icyicaro gikuru mu Mujyi wa Kawasaki, mu Ntara ya Kanagawa, mu Buyapani.
CCIC yashinzwe ku ya 21 Nyakanga 1958, ifite icyicaro gikuru mu Mujyi wa Kawasaki, mu Ntara ya Kanagawa, mu Buyapani. Ikora cyane cyane mu gukora catalysts, hamwe na catalysts zo gutunganya peteroli nk'ikigo, ibicuruzwa birimo catalysts za FCC, catalysts zo kuvura amazi, catalysts za denitrification (DeNox) n'ibicuruzwa byiza bya chimique (ibikoresho fatizo byo kwisiga, ibikoresho by'urumuri, ibikoresho bya crystal y'amazi n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo kwerekana, ibikoresho bya semiconductor, nibindi). NCC yashinzwe ku ya 18 Kanama 1952, ifite icyicaro gikuru mu Mujyi wa Niigata, mu Ntara ya Niigata, mu Buyapani. Iterambere ry'ingenzi, umusaruro n'igurishwa rya catalysts za chimique, ibicuruzwa birimo catalysts za hydrogenation, catalysts za dehydrogenation, catalysts za alkali zikomeye, adsorbents zo gusukura gaze, nibindi. Ibikoresho bya cathode na catalysts zo gusukura ibidukikije za bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Dukurikije ibyo bicuruzwa, iyi sosiyete igabanyijemo ibice bitatu: catalyst, fine chemicals na ibidukikije/ingufu nshya. Iyi sosiyete ikora kandi igurisha catalyst zirimo catalysts zo gutunganya peteroli, catalysts zo gutunganya peteroli na catalysts zo kurengera ibidukikije.
Imashini zitunganya ubutare zigizwe ahanini na FCC catalysts na hydrogenation process catalysts, izi za nyuma zirimo hydrofining, hydrotreating na hydrocracking catalysts; Imashini zitunganya ubutare zirimo peteroli catalysts, hydrogenation catalysts, syngas conversion catalysts, catalysts na zeolites; Imashini zitunganya ubutare zikoreshwa mu kurengera ibidukikije zirimo: ibikoresho bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije, flue gas denitrification catalysts, oxidation catalysts n'ibikoresho byo kuvura imyuka iva mu modoka, deodorizing/antibacterial materials, VOC adsorption/decomposition catalysts, nibindi.
Isosiyete ifite isoko rya 80% by'imigabane mu Burayi na 70% by'imigabane mu isoko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi igizwe n'ibirenga 60% by'imashini zitwara amashanyarazi ku isi.
8. SINOPEC Catalyst Co., LTD
Sinopec Catalyst Co., LTD., ishami rya Sinopec Corporation rifite umutungo waryo wose, ni ryo shami rishinzwe gukora, kugurisha no gucunga ubucuruzi bwa Sinopec bukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rishinzwe ishoramari n’imikorere y’ubucuruzi bwa Sinopec bukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, kandi riyobora ibigo bitunganya ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga by’ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw’umwuga.
Sinopec Catalyst Co., Ltd. ni imwe mu sosiyete nini ku isi ikora, itanga serivisi n'itanga serivisi zo gutunganya no gukaranga ibikomoka ku bimera. Ishingiye ku kigo gikomeye cy'ubushakashatsi mu by'ubushakashatsi mu gihugu imbere mu bijyanye na peteroli na Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute, iyi sosiyete ikomeje kwagura isoko ry'ibikomoka ku bimera mu gihugu no ku isi. Ibicuruzwa bya Catalyst bikubiyemo ibikomoka ku bimera bisukura peteroli, ibikomoka ku bimera bisukura polyolefin, ibikomoka ku bimera bito by'umwimerere, ibikomoka ku bimera bisukura amakara, ibikomoka ku bimera bibungabunga ibidukikije, ibindi bikomoka ku bimera bisukura n'ibindi byiciro 6. Nubwo bihuye n'ibikenewe ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu, ibyo bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Burayi, Amerika, Aziya, Afurika n'andi masoko mpuzamahanga.
Umusaruro uboneka ahanini mu ntara n'imijyi itandatu, harimo Beijing, Shanghai, Hunan, Shandong, Liaoning na Jiangsu, kandi ibicuruzwa bikubiyemo amashami atatu ya catalyst: gutunganya peteroli, inganda z'imiti n'ibikoresho by'ibanze by'umwimerere. Ifite amazu 8 afitwe n'abantu bose, amazu 2 afitwe n'abashinzwe gucunga, amashami 4 acuruza n'atanga serivisi mu gihugu, n'ibiro 4 bihagarariye abandi mu mahanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-17-2023
